Wat Arun, also known as the Temple of Dawn, stands as a prominent symbol in Bangkok, Thailand. Its rich history and captivating legends make it a significant cultural and religious site in Thailand.
The temple’s full name is Wat Arun Ratchawararam Ratchawaramahawihan, reflecting its grandeur and connection to Buddhist and Hindu traditions.
In this article, we will explore Wat Arun History and shed light on its origins, significant events, and changes over the centuries.
Wat Arun History
Wat Arun, also known as the Temple of Dawn, is an important historical and cultural monument in Bangkok, Thailand. Its origins date back to the Ayutthaya period, when it was first known as Wat Makok, named after the village of Bang Makok where it was built.
It is also believed that the name “Makok” refers to the wild plum trees that once grew in the area.
Wat Arun history is closely intertwined with the rise and fall of Thailand’s kingdoms and changing capitals.
During the Ayutthaya Kingdom, the temple served as a local shrine, but it rose to prominence in the 18th century.
Ayutthaya Period
During the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350-1767), there was a small temple on the site of what is now Wat Arun. This temple was relatively unknown until the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, when King Taksin the Great decided to build a new capital in Thonburi, close to the temple.
Legend has it that in 1767, after the fall of Ayutthaya to Burmese invaders, King Taksin happened upon the temple at sunrise.
Enchanted by its beauty, he renamed it Wat Chaeng, meaning “Temple of Dawn,” and designated it as his royal temple when he founded the Thonburi Kingdom.
This marked the beginning of Wat Arun’s importance in Thai history.
Thonburi Period
King Taksin’s reign marked a major period of restoration and expansion for Wat Arun.
The temple became part of the royal palace grounds and housed the Emerald Buddha, which was later moved to Wat Phra Kaew by King Rama I. After King Taksin’s reign, the temple was abandoned until King Rama II began its restoration in the early 19th century.
Rattanakosin Period
During the Rattanakosin Period, Wat Arun saw significant architectural advancements under the rule of King Rama II and King Rama III.
The construction of the central prang (spire) was initiated by King Rama II and later finished by King Rama III.
This prang, which stands at about 82 meters, is embellished with intricate designs crafted from colorful porcelain and seashells, showcasing influences from both Thai and Khmer architecture.
Modern restorations
Wat Arun had been through multiple restoration projects, with the most thorough occurring between 2013 and 2017. The goal of these restorations was to maintain the temple’s physical strength and visual appeal, guaranteeing that it continues to represent Thailand’s diverse cultural legacy.
Legends and Myths
Wat Arun possesses a mystical allure, steeped in legends and myths that enhance its enchantment. The temple derives its name from Aruna, the Hindu deity of dawn, often depicted as the radiant rays of the rising sun. This connection to Aruna symbolizes the temple’s association with new beginnings and enlightenment.
King Taksin’s Vow
Among the enduring legends surrounding Wat Arun, one recounts King Taksin’s solemn vow. It is said that upon witnessing the temple at dawn after the fall of Ayutthaya, King Taksin vowed to restore it. True to his word, he fulfilled this vow by establishing Thonburi as the new capital and commencing the temple’s restoration.
The Emerald Buddha
Another significant legend revolves around the Emerald Buddha, once housed within Wat Arun. According to the tale, the Emerald Buddha was discovered in Chiang Rai in 1434 and later transported to Wat Arun by King Taksin. It remained there until King Rama I relocated it to Wat Phra Kaew.
Symbolism and Architecture
The central prang of Wat Arun is more than just an architectural marvel; it also represents Mount Meru, the central point of the universe in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology.
Surrounding the prang are four smaller prangs, symbolizing the cardinal directions and the guardian gods associated with them.
Wat Arun stands as proof of Thailand’s enduring history, cultural depth, and architectural excellence. Its history, intertwined with legends and myths, adds depth to its already captivating presence.
Whether seen at dawn, glowing with the first light of day, or at night, illuminated against the Bangkok skyline, Wat Arun continues to inspire awe and reverence.
Historical Significance
Historically, Wat Arun has a rich background dating back to the 17th century. However, its current structure was primarily developed during the reigns of King Rama II and King Rama III in the early 19th century. The temple has served as a royal temple and was once the temporary home of the Emerald Buddha, one of Thailand’s most revered Buddhist artifacts.
In summary, Wat Arun is not just a temple; it is a testament to Thailand’s cultural heritage and architectural ingenuity. Its impressive appearance, detailed embellishments, and sacred meaning make it a wonder to see.
Whether you’re admiring the dazzling mosaics of the central prang or exploring the tranquil Ordination Hall, Wat Arun offers a captivating experience that will leave a lasting impression.
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Conclusion
Wat Arun History is a remarkable testament to the enduring legacy of Thai culture and architecture.
From its humble beginnings in the Ayutthaya period to its present-day restorations, the Temple of Dawn continues to fascinate visitors with its exquisite beauty and historical significance.
Delving into the rich history of Wat Arun provides a glimpse into the past and fosters a greater admiration for this magnificent landmark.