Devni Mori is an archaeological site in the Aravalli District of northern Gujarat, India. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the region’s Buddhist history. The site is located about 2 kilometers from the city of Shamlaji and dates back to the 3rd or 4th century CE.
The Discovery and Excavation
Between 1960 and 1963, Devni Mori was excavated, revealing the ruins of Buddhist structures, including a stupa and vihara (monastery). The excavations also uncovered various artifacts, such as terracotta statues, pottery, and inscribed coins. These findings provide valuable insights into the cultural and artistic influences of the time.
Architectural Remains and Artifacts
One of the most notable features of Devni Mori is its large stupa, which stood at a height of approximately 2.16 meters. Surrounding the stupa were 36 rooms that housed the Buddhist monks. During the excavations, two bridges made of jewelry were also discovered. One of them had an inscription in Sanskrit, indicating that it was designed by Agnivarma Sudarshan and built under the patronage of King Rudrasen.
Overall, Devni Mori holds great historical significance and has the potential to become a popular cultural tourism destination.
Terracotta Sculptures: A Blend of Artistic Influences
Terracotta sculptures are the most significant artifacts found at Devni Mori. They are four to six inches tall and depict seated Buddha figures. These sculptures are believed to be the oldest examples of Buddhist art in Gujarat, created shortly after the construction of the stupa in the late 4th century CE.
The sculptures at Devni Mori show a blend of artistic influences from the Gandhara and Mathura styles. They have sharp facial features, robed figures, and wavy hair like Gandharan art. The thin, regular folds on the cloth and bared shoulders are characteristic of the Mathura style.
This combination of styles suggests that the artisans at Devni Mori were influenced by various cultural developments in the Gangetic plains, particularly the artistic idiom of the influential Gupta Empire.
The Significance of Devni Mori
Devni Mori was an important pilgrimage center, evidenced by the inscription on a casket found at the stupa. The inscription claims to contain a relic of the Buddha. The site’s proximity to major trade routes in western India further highlights its significance as a cultural and economic hub during that period.
The Significance of the Relic Casket
The relic casket found at Devni Mori is historically and religiously important. Inscriptions on the casket shed light on the early history of Buddhism in India and provide insights into the beliefs and practices of early Buddhists. The presence of Buddha’s relics suggests that Devni Mori was a pilgrimage site for Buddhist devotees.
The Impact of the Meshvo Dam
Unfortunately, the construction of the Meshvo Dam in the 1970s caused Devni Mori to be submerged under water. This led to the loss of many archaeological treasures. However, before the submergence, extensive excavations were conducted and valuable artifacts were salvaged. Despite the loss, Devni Mori’s historical significance remains undeniable.
A Forgotten Heritage
Its archaeological remains offer insights into the spread and development of Buddhism in India. Unfortunately, due to being submerged, Devni Mori is often overlooked by tourists and scholars.
Preserving the Legacy of Devni Mori
Efforts are being made to raise awareness about Devni Mori and preserve its legacy. Virtual reconstructions and digital archives of the site and its artifacts are being created. Discussions are also underway about building a museum or visitor center near the dam to showcase the treasures of Devni Mori.
The Fate of Devni Mori
The site of Devni Mori was submerged due to the construction of a nearby dam, so historians rely on the 1966 excavation report and movable artifacts to learn about it. The sculptures and artifacts from the site are now in the Shamlaji Museum and the Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery.
Comparing Devni Mori to Other Buddhist Sites in Gujarat
Devni Mori is one of many important Buddhist sites in Gujarat, India. It has similarities to other sites but also unique features. Here’s a comparison with some notable sites in Gujarat:
Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups
The Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups are among the oldest Buddhist sites in Gujarat. They include the Khapra Kodiya Caves, Baba Pyare Caves, and Uparkot Caves. These caves date back to the 3rd century BCE and were used as monastic settlements.
Like Devni Mori, the Junagadh caves have viharas (monasteries) and water cisterns. However, the Junagadh caves are carved out of stone, while the viharas at Devni Mori were built with fired bricks.
Khambhalida Caves
The Khambhalida Caves near Rajkot are significant Buddhist sites in Gujarat. They date back to the 4th or 5th century CE and have intricate carvings and sculptures influenced by Greco-Buddhist architecture.
Devni Mori is known for its terracotta sculptures, while the Khambhalida Caves have notable stone carvings. The entrance to the main vihara is flanked by life-size Bodhisattva figures.
Vadnagar
Recent excavations at Vadnagar, another important site in Gujarat, have uncovered structures similar to the votive stupa found at Devni Mori. This discovery shows the significance of Devni Mori in understanding the spread of Buddhism in the region during the early centuries.
Significance and Preservation
All these Buddhist sites in Gujarat have historical and cultural value. They provide insights into the spread of Buddhism in western India and the artistic and architectural traditions of that time.
However, Devni Mori stands out as the only site with a free-standing stupa and stacked relic deposits. Its location along ancient trade routes suggests it was an important cultural and economic hub during the early centuries.
The Junagadh caves and the Khambhalida Caves are still accessible to visitors, allowing them to experience the sites firsthand. Devni Mori, on the other hand, has been submerged under the waters of the Meshwo reservoir since the 1970s.
Despite its current inaccessibility, Devni Mori continues to hold immense significance, with its artifacts housed in museums and ongoing efforts to preserve and promote Gujarat’s Buddhist heritage.
If the stupa is under water then how can it be seen?
The stupa at Devni Mori is currently submerged under the waters of the Meshwo reservoir, which was created during the construction of a dam in the 1970s. While the physical structure of the stupa cannot be seen above water, its significance remains deeply felt among devotees and historians alike.
How the Site is Accessible
Visitors cannot directly view the stupa, but there are ways to connect with its historical and spiritual essence. A Buddhist flag is hoisted on a pole at the center of the lake, marking the location where the stupa once stood. This flag serves as a symbol of reverence and remembrance, drawing attention to the submerged relics that are considered sacred by many Buddhists.
In recent years, there have been organized visits to the site, where boats can take visitors to the flagpole. During these visits, prayers and rituals are performed to honor the relics believed to be housed within the stupa. For example, in 2017, a group led by Ven. Lama Lobzang was allowed to offer prayers at the site, demonstrating that while the stupa itself is not visible, the spiritual connection remains strong.
Preservation and Future Plans
Efforts are ongoing to preserve the relics and promote the site’s historical importance. The Government of Gujarat has plans to re-enshrine the Buddha’s relics at their original find spot, which would further enhance the site’s significance as a pilgrimage destination. This initiative reflects a commitment to honoring the cultural heritage of Devni Mori despite the challenges posed by its submerged condition.
In summary, while the stupa at Devni Mori is underwater and not directly visible, its legacy continues to resonate through rituals, the presence of the Buddhist flag, and ongoing preservation efforts. Visitors can still engage with its history and spirituality, making Devni Mori a poignant destination for those interested in Buddhism and Gujarat’s rich cultural heritage.
Visiting Devni Mori: A Comprehensive Guide
Devni Mori is a significant archaeological site in Gujarat that showcases India’s Buddhist heritage. To help you plan your visit, here is a comprehensive guide.
How to Reach
Reaching Devni Mori is easy. It is located about 2 kilometers from Shamlaji in the Aravalli District of northern Gujarat. The nearest major city is Bhiloda, which is approximately 27 kilometers away.
By Air: If you prefer to travel by air, the closest airport is in Ahmedabad, around 140 kilometers away. From there, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Shamlaji.
By Train: For those who prefer train travel, the nearest railway station is Himmat Nagar, about 57 kilometers from Shamlaji. Local trains operate daily, making it a convenient option.
By Road: Devni Mori is well-connected by road, so you can also reach there by bus or drive from major cities like Ahmedabad. Non-metered auto rickshaws are available for local transport.
Best Time ͏to Visit
The best time to visit is during the winter months, from October to March. The weather is pleasant during this time, making it ideal for exploring the site.
Accommodation
While there are no accommodations directly at Devni Mori, you can find several options in nearby Shamlaji and Himmatnagar. These include budget hotels, guesthouses, and lodges. If you prefer a more comfortable stay, you might consider hotels in Ahmedabad, which offer a wider range of amenities.
Local Delicacies
When visiting, don’t miss out on trying some local Gujarati delicacies. Popular dishes include.
Dhokla: A savory steamed cake made from fermented rice and chickpea batter.
Khandvi: Rolled, spiced gram flour snacks.
Thepla: Spiced flatbreads made from whole wheat flour.
Undhiyu: A mixed vegetable dish cooked with a variety of spices.
Nearby Attractions
In addition, there are several other interesting attractions in the vicinity:
Shamlaji Temple: Just 2 kilometers from Devni Mori, this Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu is a major pilgrimage center.
Rani Ki Vav: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this stepwell in Patan is an architectural marvel and a testament to the region’s rich history.
Polo Forest: A lush green forest area ideal for nature walks and wildlife spotting.
Modhera Sun Temple: A UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its intricate architecture and solar energy system.
By following this guide, you can have a memorable and enriching visit and explore the fascinating Buddhist heritage of Gujarat.
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Conclusion
Devni Mori is more than just an archaeological site. It is a window into the spiritual and cultural tapestry of ancient Gujarat. When you walk through the remnants of the monastery and the stupa, you can almost hear the whispers of the past. They tell tales of monks who once meditated here and pilgrims who sought solace.
The serene surroundings and historical significance of Devni Mori make it a must-visit for anyone interested in India’s rich heritage. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, spiritual seeker, or a traveler looking to explore off-the-beaten-path destinations, Devni Mori offers a unique and enriching experience.
Combine your visit with nearby attractions like the Shamlaji Temple, Rani Ki Vav, and the Modhera Sun Temple to fully immerse yourself in the cultural and architectural wonders of Gujarat. Plan your trip during the cooler months, savor the local delicacies, and take a moment to reflect on the timeless beauty and tranquility of Devni Mori.
This hidden gem awaits your discovery, promising a journey through time and a deeper connection with the past.